SKIN ALLERGY PATCH TESTING
Patch testing is a common diagnostic tool used to identify the specific agent that triggers contact dermatitis, an itchy rash that can breakout on your skin in response to a substance to which you are allergic. Common trigger substances include poison ivy, jewelry, hair care products, cleaning solution, detergent, cosmetics, perfumes, and latex rubber.
WHAT IS ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS?
In allergic contact dermatitis, typically harmless substances cause an immune system reaction when they come in contact with the skin. Common symptoms in contact dermatitis may include:
Redness
Blisters
Itching
Rash
- Hives
- Burning
The best protection against contact dermatitis is to identify the specific triggers that cause reactions, so that patients can avoid these substances as often as possible. A patch test may help identify the trigger. It does not require the use of any needles or injections.
HOW IS THE PATCH TEST PERFORMED?
The patch testing procedure is simple and painless. In order to identify specific triggers, your doctor will tape several patches that contain various potential chemicals to the skin on the back. These chemicals are then left on the skin for 48 hours, and must remain dry during this time. Patients are advised to take only sponge baths and avoid excessive sweating. After 48 hours, the patch test is removed and an initial reading is taken to observe any reactions. An additional reading is taken after another 24-48 hours. Patients can bathe in between these readings, but should avoid scrubbing the back. Once the final results of the test have been read, normal bathing can be resumed. A typical schedule for testing is to come in on Monday (to apply patches), Wednesday (to remove patches) and Friday (to read results). Before undergoing patch testing, patients should stop using oral and topical corticosteroids in the area to be tested, avoid oral antihistamines, and should not expose the test area to the sun for at least three weeks.
WHAT HAPPENS IF THE TEST RESULTS ARE POSITIVE?
When reading the results, your doctor may classify each spot on a scale from negative (meaning no reaction) to extreme reaction (meaning positive results for substance). Strong results may cause blisters or ulcers on the skin, which can be treated once the test is complete.
Once positive results have been determined, patients can take steps to avoid their triggers and prevent contact dermatitis from occurring. Your doctor will provide you with specific information on your individual triggers and how to prevent contact.